🧵 This thread is about must-know poisonings for the USMLE exams, including key symptoms and antidotes. #USMLE #MedTwitter
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1️⃣ Acetaminophen Toxicity
✒️ Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain.
✒️ Key Marker: Elevated liver enzymes.
✒️ Antidote: N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
✒️ Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain.
✒️ Key Marker: Elevated liver enzymes.
✒️ Antidote: N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
2️⃣ Salicylate Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Tinnitus, hyperventilation, metabolic acidosis.
✒️ Treatment: Alkalinization of urine, activated charcoal.
✒️ Symptoms: Tinnitus, hyperventilation, metabolic acidosis.
✒️ Treatment: Alkalinization of urine, activated charcoal.
3️⃣ Opioid Overdose
✒️ Symptoms: Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, altered mental status.
✒️ Antidote: Naloxone.
✒️ Symptoms: Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, altered mental status.
✒️ Antidote: Naloxone.
4️⃣ Benzodiazepine Overdose
✒️ Symptoms: CNS depression, ataxia, respiratory depression.
✒️ Antidote: Flumazenil (use with caution).
✒️ Symptoms: CNS depression, ataxia, respiratory depression.
✒️ Antidote: Flumazenil (use with caution).
5️⃣ Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, cherry-red skin.
✒️ Diagnosis: Carboxyhemoglobin levels.
✒️ Treatment: 100% oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen.
✒️ Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, cherry-red skin.
✒️ Diagnosis: Carboxyhemoglobin levels.
✒️ Treatment: 100% oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen.
6️⃣ Organophosphate Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis (SLUDGE).
✒️ Antidote: Atropine and pralidoxime.
✒️ Symptoms: Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis (SLUDGE).
✒️ Antidote: Atropine and pralidoxime.
7️⃣ Methanol/Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances (methanol), renal failure (ethylene glycol).
✒️ Antidote: Fomepizole or ethanol, dialysis.
✒️ Symptoms: Anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances (methanol), renal failure (ethylene glycol).
✒️ Antidote: Fomepizole or ethanol, dialysis.
8️⃣ Iron Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis.
✒️ Treatment: Deferoxamine.
✒️ Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis.
✒️ Treatment: Deferoxamine.
9️⃣ Lead Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Abdominal pain, neurologic changes, anemia.
✒️ Diagnosis: Blood lead levels.
✒️ Treatment: Chelation therapy (EDTA, dimercaprol).
✒️ Symptoms: Abdominal pain, neurologic changes, anemia.
✒️ Diagnosis: Blood lead levels.
✒️ Treatment: Chelation therapy (EDTA, dimercaprol).
🔟 Cyanide Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Confusion, seizures, cardiovascular collapse.
✒️ Antidote: Hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate.
✒️ Symptoms: Confusion, seizures, cardiovascular collapse.
✒️ Antidote: Hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate.
1️⃣1️⃣ Beta-Blocker Overdose
✒️ Symptoms: Bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia.
✒️ Antidote: Glucagon.
✒️ Symptoms: Bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia.
✒️ Antidote: Glucagon.
1️⃣2️⃣ Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose
✒️ Symptoms: Hypotension, bradycardia, hyperglycemia.
✒️ Treatment: Calcium gluconate, glucagon, insulin and glucose.
✒️ Symptoms: Hypotension, bradycardia, hyperglycemia.
✒️ Treatment: Calcium gluconate, glucagon, insulin and glucose.
1️⃣3️⃣ Digoxin Toxicity
✒️ Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, visual changes (yellow-green halos), arrhythmias.
✒️ Antidote: Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind).
✒️ Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, visual changes (yellow-green halos), arrhythmias.
✒️ Antidote: Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind).
1️⃣4️⃣ Theophylline Toxicity
✒️ Symptoms: Seizures, tachycardia, arrhythmias.
✒️ Treatment: Activated charcoal, beta-blockers for arrhythmias.
✒️ Symptoms: Seizures, tachycardia, arrhythmias.
✒️ Treatment: Activated charcoal, beta-blockers for arrhythmias.
1️⃣5️⃣ Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose
✒️ Symptoms: Cardiac arrhythmias, anticholinergic effects, seizures.
✒️ Treatment: Sodium bicarbonate.
✒️ Symptoms: Cardiac arrhythmias, anticholinergic effects, seizures.
✒️ Treatment: Sodium bicarbonate.
1️⃣6️⃣ Heavy Metal Poisoning (Mercury, Arsenic)
✒️ Symptoms: Neurologic symptoms, GI distress, kidney damage.
✒️ Treatment: Chelation therapy (dimercaprol, succimer).
✒️ Symptoms: Neurologic symptoms, GI distress, kidney damage.
✒️ Treatment: Chelation therapy (dimercaprol, succimer).
1️⃣7️⃣ Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: CNS depression, metabolic acidosis, renal failure.
✒️ Antidote: Fomepizole or ethanol, dialysis.
✒️ Symptoms: CNS depression, metabolic acidosis, renal failure.
✒️ Antidote: Fomepizole or ethanol, dialysis.
1️⃣8️⃣ Hydrofluoric Acid Poisoning
✒️ Symptoms: Severe pain, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia.
✒️ Antidote: Calcium gluconate.
✒️ Symptoms: Severe pain, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia.
✒️ Antidote: Calcium gluconate.
1️⃣9️⃣ Isoniazid (INH) Toxicity
✒️ Symptoms: Seizures, metabolic acidosis.
✒️ Antidote: Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6).
✒️ Symptoms: Seizures, metabolic acidosis.
✒️ Antidote: Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6).
2️⃣0️⃣ Sulfonylurea Overdose
✒️ Symptoms: Hypoglycemia.
✒️ Treatment: Dextrose, octreotide.
✒️ Symptoms: Hypoglycemia.
✒️ Treatment: Dextrose, octreotide.
These are key poisonings you must know for the USMLE. Remember, rapid identification and appropriate treatment are crucial for patient outcomes. 🚑🩺 #USMLE #MedTwitter
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