Shortest History of Marathas after fall of Jadhavraos:
Alauddin Khalji illegally invaded from Karra.
He was opposed first by Achalpur Maratha governor, then once by a militia under the Samrat then by Shankardeva.
Secured Achalpur (Rashtrakuta zone) as his own fief from Devagiri.
Alauddin Khalji illegally invaded from Karra.
He was opposed first by Achalpur Maratha governor, then once by a militia under the Samrat then by Shankardeva.
Secured Achalpur (Rashtrakuta zone) as his own fief from Devagiri.
Samrat Ramadevaraya's son Bimbadeva established Mahikavati State in west and eldest son Shankardeva attempted a failed rebellion. Samrat Ramadevarao was invited to Delhi for conciliation (since Alauddin was pledged as a "son") & Navsari/Lata Desh was released back to Jadhavraos.
Samrat Shankardeva Jadhavrao again attempts rebellion after becoming Samrat and was killed by Malik Taj-Al-Din Izz-Al-Daulah Kafur.
His son Govindadevarao Jadhavrao was taken under care of his brother-in-law Maharaja Harapaladeva Chalukya who continues this rebellion.
His son Govindadevarao Jadhavrao was taken under care of his brother-in-law Maharaja Harapaladeva Chalukya who continues this rebellion.
1313 to 1318, is FIVE years of rebellion where all Muslim governors of Maharashtra were thrown out. Marahatti historians have literally deleted such a critical period!
All Maratha lords rallied under Harapaladeva & Raghavdeva (veteran minister of Samrat Ramadeva & Shankardeva).
All Maratha lords rallied under Harapaladeva & Raghavdeva (veteran minister of Samrat Ramadeva & Shankardeva).
Sultan Mubarak Khalji then set out to conquer Maharashtra once again. Marathas took positions in the hill as the Delhi forces roved.
Raghavdeva commanded 10,000 cavalry. This army was caught on open plains before they could be garrisoned and were wiped out in a heroic battle.
Raghavdeva commanded 10,000 cavalry. This army was caught on open plains before they could be garrisoned and were wiped out in a heroic battle.
Khusrau Khan, the Delhi force commander found out while returning to his camp, that Harapaladeva Chalukya had been marching with the Maratha forces towards Paranda from Devagiri according to Fateh-Us-Salatin of Isami. So he rode in to finish off this force as well.
Khusrau Khan Hasan Baradu and Amir-E-Koh Malik Iqtiyaruddin Talbagha then attacked Harapaladeva who heroically attacked them 2-3 times, before he was grievously wounded and captured.
He died a very heroic death, exactly like Chattrapati Sambhaji Maharaja.
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He died a very heroic death, exactly like Chattrapati Sambhaji Maharaja.
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The period up to rise of Zafar Khan Alauddin Hasan Bahman is the only period of true blurriness. But we know that Maharaja Govindadevarao Jadhavrao maintained his position as Chief of all Marathas, and led a guerilla fight.
We get hints of his actions.
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We get hints of his actions.
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The boy, the Delhi Sultanate prince who escaped the Marathas chasing him, grew up to become the infamous Muhammad Bin Tughlaq whose actions led to formation of Bahmani Empire (which effectively sealed Deccan from invasions of North States for 300 years).
It was during the mass-migration process from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulatabad), that a lot of Northern Kshatriya chiefs under Tughlaqs got opportunity to resettle.
This included Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja's ancestors, who received grants of fiefs for their valour ahead.
This included Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja's ancestors, who received grants of fiefs for their valour ahead.
Bahmani State's formation involved heavy co-operation by Marathas and other Deccani Hindus, since this endeavour promised a sealed border and a new government under basically a pagan convert (Alauddin Bahman asserted lineage from Sassanids) with decent ties to Hindu leaders.
The War for Daulatabad, as this founding of Bahmani Empire was called, deserves its own thread.
It is said Maharaja Govindadevarao Jadhavrao was a direct mentor to Zafar Khan Bahman as well as his son in the settling phase. But he was gradually disillusioned.
It is said Maharaja Govindadevarao Jadhavrao was a direct mentor to Zafar Khan Bahman as well as his son in the settling phase. But he was gradually disillusioned.
Maharaja Govindadevarao Jadhavrao's rebellion in 1370 was very famous, and even the Muslim governor of Daulatabad was convinced into supporting him. With all Maratha Naiks gathered at Paithan, he lobbied for and formed his own independent enclave.
There was thus a huge, virtually independent Maratha region extending from Hathnur (Hatnapura) to Mehkar valley (Meghankar Nagari).
We had Maratha Kings who were fully independent in Konkan, and in Baglana, and in pockets in Central Maharashtra, whose status escalated with time.
We had Maratha Kings who were fully independent in Konkan, and in Baglana, and in pockets in Central Maharashtra, whose status escalated with time.
While many Maratha Kings had integrated into Bahmani government or even the Vijaynagar Empire which had also bloomed simultaneously.
The Konkan Marathas are known for having negotiated the status of Palegar under Vijaynagar Empire, while still being completely independent.
The Konkan Marathas are known for having negotiated the status of Palegar under Vijaynagar Empire, while still being completely independent.
There are various small stories, of events that took place in this whole era. Small battles or big political changes, where Marathas were involved.
Stories for another time.
We see the end of Bahmani hold over Maharashtra start to crumble when they try poking into Konkan.
Stories for another time.
We see the end of Bahmani hold over Maharashtra start to crumble when they try poking into Konkan.
The Halebid Ballala Shirkes and Sangameshwar Chalke Naiks (the most significant aforementioned Konkan Maratha chiefs) continued their holy war against Bahmanis, targeting Hajj ships and slaying thousands like an annual ritual.
But there was one issue: They hated each other.
But there was one issue: They hated each other.
Bahmanis sent their Malik-Ut-Tujjar Khalaf Hasan Khan Basri to put them down. A proper commando force.
What happened next, was a massacre that ended up triggering a feud which lasted for centuries: Dakkhanis vs. Afaqis.
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What happened next, was a massacre that ended up triggering a feud which lasted for centuries: Dakkhanis vs. Afaqis.
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By the time Mahmud Gawan came to the scene, Bahmani Empire politics were ugly. His mental state was wrecked after his Konkan campaign (that was meant to avenge Hasan Khan's debacle), and his competitors (founders of Nizamshahi, Adilshahi, Baridshahi, etc.) arranged his death.
For more about the Konkan Marathas, you can see our separate threads on Sangameshwar Chalukyas, Mores, Shirkes, etc.
Everything is interconnected, so tracking one "thread" (pun intended) puts others out of attention.
We will wrap up Konkan and return to Central Maharashtra.
Everything is interconnected, so tracking one "thread" (pun intended) puts others out of attention.
We will wrap up Konkan and return to Central Maharashtra.
Death of Mahmud Gawan saw Marathas fight back again, but the Bahmani Sector heads were well prepared. Many Marathas suffered defeats at hands of Nizamshah.
The one who gained the most was the Ottoman prince Yusuf Adil Khan who beat the rebelling Maratha Kadamba King of Indapur.
The one who gained the most was the Ottoman prince Yusuf Adil Khan who beat the rebelling Maratha Kadamba King of Indapur.
His gain wasn't valuable in territory or military power, but for sheer legitimacy of his state, as he arranged his marriage with Maratha King Mukundrao Kadamba's daughter Punjibai (titled Bubuji Khanam Khatun) who was sole reason his Adilshahi Sultanate survived after his death.
The Junior Bhonsales suffered this phase worst.
Maharaj Sabaji (Sambhaji) Bhonsale was also defeated in battle with Wazir Khawas Khan Barid-E-Mumalik Qasim Turkani while attempting his rebellion.
His "daughter" was forcibly married to Qasim Turkani's son to grant him legitimacy.
Maharaj Sabaji (Sambhaji) Bhonsale was also defeated in battle with Wazir Khawas Khan Barid-E-Mumalik Qasim Turkani while attempting his rebellion.
His "daughter" was forcibly married to Qasim Turkani's son to grant him legitimacy.
Raja Sabaji Bhonsale thus lost his life, lost all his 400 bannermen and the land from Jalna to the Ghats, which was then turned into the base of Baridshah Sultanate!
Sabaji Bhonsale's sons were Bimbaji... and Babaji Bhonsale the great grandfather of Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja!
Sabaji Bhonsale's sons were Bimbaji... and Babaji Bhonsale the great grandfather of Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja!
It was this battle that reduced Raja Sabaji's sons Babaji & Bimbaji (Founder of Hinganikar-Berdi and Nagpur branch) into refugees, forcing them to serve as Shiledars (field warriors instead of lords) under Jadhavraos.
Otherwise even Verulkar Bhonsales had stake to a vast kingdom.
Otherwise even Verulkar Bhonsales had stake to a vast kingdom.
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