Thread: Pathognomonic Signs of Common Diseases for the USMLE 📚🩺 Part 2
1/ 🧵
Continuing our #USMLE series on pathognomonic signs! Here are more key indicators you should know. Ready to ace those exams? Let’s go! 👇
1/ 🧵
Continuing our #USMLE series on pathognomonic signs! Here are more key indicators you should know. Ready to ace those exams? Let’s go! 👇
2/ Roth Spots
Disease: Infective Endocarditis
Sign: Retinal hemorrhages with white centers.
Why Important: Indicate systemic emboli and vasculitis. 👁️
Disease: Infective Endocarditis
Sign: Retinal hemorrhages with white centers.
Why Important: Indicate systemic emboli and vasculitis. 👁️
3/ Target Lesions
Disease: Erythema Multiforme
Sign: Concentric rings resembling a target.
Why Important: Often linked to infections or medications. 🎯
Disease: Erythema Multiforme
Sign: Concentric rings resembling a target.
Why Important: Often linked to infections or medications. 🎯
4/ Hutchinson’s Sign
Disease: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Sign: Vesicular rash on the tip of the nose.
Why Important: Indicates potential eye involvement; urgent treatment needed. 👃
Disease: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Sign: Vesicular rash on the tip of the nose.
Why Important: Indicates potential eye involvement; urgent treatment needed. 👃
5/ Lisch Nodules
Disease: Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Sign: Pigmented iris hamartomas.
Why Important: Help diagnose NF1, especially in children. 👁️
Disease: Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Sign: Pigmented iris hamartomas.
Why Important: Help diagnose NF1, especially in children. 👁️
6/ Steeple Sign
Disease: Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Sign: Subglottic narrowing seen on a neck X-ray.
Why Important: Confirms diagnosis of croup in children. 🌲
Disease: Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Sign: Subglottic narrowing seen on a neck X-ray.
Why Important: Confirms diagnosis of croup in children. 🌲
7/ Thumb Sign
Disease: Epiglottitis
Sign: Swollen epiglottis seen on lateral neck X-ray.
Why Important: Indicates a severe, potentially life-threatening infection. 👍
Disease: Epiglottitis
Sign: Swollen epiglottis seen on lateral neck X-ray.
Why Important: Indicates a severe, potentially life-threatening infection. 👍
8/ Trousseau's Sign
Disease: Hypocalcemia
Sign: Carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff.
Why Important: Helps diagnose low calcium levels. 💪
Disease: Hypocalcemia
Sign: Carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff.
Why Important: Helps diagnose low calcium levels. 💪
9/ Chvostek's Sign
Disease: Hypocalcemia
Sign: Facial muscle spasm upon tapping the facial nerve.
Why Important: Another sign pointing to hypocalcemia. 😊
Disease: Hypocalcemia
Sign: Facial muscle spasm upon tapping the facial nerve.
Why Important: Another sign pointing to hypocalcemia. 😊
10/ Battle’s Sign
Disease: Basilar Skull Fracture
Sign: Bruising over the mastoid process.
Why Important: Indicates underlying skull fracture, requires immediate attention. 🚨
Disease: Basilar Skull Fracture
Sign: Bruising over the mastoid process.
Why Important: Indicates underlying skull fracture, requires immediate attention. 🚨
11/ Café-au-Lait Spots
Disease: Neurofibromatosis
Sign: Light brown skin macules.
Why Important: Multiple spots suggest NF1, need for genetic counseling. ☕
Disease: Neurofibromatosis
Sign: Light brown skin macules.
Why Important: Multiple spots suggest NF1, need for genetic counseling. ☕
12/ Gottron's Papules
Disease: Dermatomyositis
Sign: Reddish-purple papules over knuckles.
Why Important: Specific for dermatomyositis, aiding in early diagnosis. ✋
Disease: Dermatomyositis
Sign: Reddish-purple papules over knuckles.
Why Important: Specific for dermatomyositis, aiding in early diagnosis. ✋
13/ Auer Rods
Disease: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Sign: Needle-like inclusions in myeloblasts.
Why Important: Diagnostic of AML, guiding treatment strategies. 🔬
Disease: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Sign: Needle-like inclusions in myeloblasts.
Why Important: Diagnostic of AML, guiding treatment strategies. 🔬
14/ Blue Sclera
Disease: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Sign: Bluish tint to the whites of the eyes.
Why Important: Indicates connective tissue disorder, often presenting in childhood. 👀
Disease: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Sign: Bluish tint to the whites of the eyes.
Why Important: Indicates connective tissue disorder, often presenting in childhood. 👀
15/ Brudzinski's Sign
Disease: Meningitis
Sign: Neck flexion causing involuntary knee/hip flexion.
Why Important: Helps identify meningeal irritation. 🧠
Disease: Meningitis
Sign: Neck flexion causing involuntary knee/hip flexion.
Why Important: Helps identify meningeal irritation. 🧠
16/ Kernig’s Sign
Disease: Meningitis
Sign: Resistance and pain upon leg extension when hip is flexed.
Why Important: Another indicator of meningeal irritation. 🧠
Disease: Meningitis
Sign: Resistance and pain upon leg extension when hip is flexed.
Why Important: Another indicator of meningeal irritation. 🧠
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That's it for part 2! Keep these signs in mind—they're vital for your #USMLE success. Keep studying hard and good luck! 🚀📖 #MedTwitter #MedEd
That's it for part 2! Keep these signs in mind—they're vital for your #USMLE success. Keep studying hard and good luck! 🚀📖 #MedTwitter #MedEd
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