🔥🧬 NEW PAPER PUBLISHED! Is there a link between EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) and conditions such as myalgic encephalomyelitis and Long COVID? 🤔🌍 Dive into this thread and discover how EBV could be behind the symptoms of both pathologies and what therapeutic strategies exist: ⬇️🔍
1/ 🤔 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: ME/CFS and Long COVID are two pathologies that, although arising from different causes, present astonishing similarities in how they affect the body and their symptoms. #MyalgicEncephalomyelitis #COVIDSurvivors
Paper link: link.springer.com
Paper link: link.springer.com
2/ 🔍 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬: Those suffering from both diseases might experience extreme fatigue, exercise intolerance, sleep disorders, cognitive difficulties, and discomfort in the nervous and gastrointestinal systems. #ChronicFatigueSyndrome #LongCOVIDSyndrome
3/ 🦠 𝐕𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Both diseases show signs of chronic viral infection persistence. That is, the body continues to deal with viral reservoirs long after the initial infection. #PostCOVIDSyndrome #MillionsMissing
4/ 🤒 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞: Both pathologies create a chronic inflammation state. Imagine your body as a house, and inflammation is an alarm that keeps ringing. #LongHaulers #COVIDLongTermEffects
5/ 💉 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲: In some cases, the immune system, which typically protects us, starts attacking parts of our own body.
7/ 🧪 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦: Both diseases are associated with low cortisol levels, a hormone essential for various body functions, including stress management.
8/ 🩸 𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐬: Tiny blood clots can form, potentially affecting blood flow and hence the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
9/ 🔗 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐁𝐕: The reactivation of EBV might be a link between both diseases, leading us to think about a three-step acquired immunodeficiency process:
10/
•Step 1: EBV latency isn't adequately controlled in people with certain genetic characteristics (EBV "weak" HLA-II haplotypes).
•Step 2: Zones are formed where EBV hides in various tissues, leading to inflammation and even weaker immune defense.
•Step 1: EBV latency isn't adequately controlled in people with certain genetic characteristics (EBV "weak" HLA-II haplotypes).
•Step 2: Zones are formed where EBV hides in various tissues, leading to inflammation and even weaker immune defense.
11/
Step 3: Chronic exposure to these viral antigens wears down the immune system, establishing the disease.
Step 3: Chronic exposure to these viral antigens wears down the immune system, establishing the disease.
12/ 🌀In the case of 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐃, prior to this process, there might've been a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. This previous infection, in individuals with specific genetic features, could be the trigger that makes it hard to adequately control the EBV.
13/ Let's begin by understanding what #EBV is: It's the Epstein-Barr virus, known for causing mononucleosis. But its relationship with our immune and metabolic system goes beyond.
14/ Some people might have what we call "weak" HLA-II haplotypes against this virus. This means their immune system might struggle to control the cells infected by EBV.
15/ Without that control, EBV can "hide" within ectopic lymphoid structures in various tissues. Imagine it as a spy blending in with a crowd.
16/ One of the issues is that these "hidden" cells release something called #EBER, which triggers inflammatory responses. It's as if the spy, while hiding, releases smoke, alerting everyone to his presence.
17/ But, what happens when EBV reactivates more than usual? This might cause the body to produce autoantibodies and release substances named viral dUTPases, further complicating matters.
18/ Now, with more hidden EBV, the virus has more tricks up its sleeve. It can further weaken our immune response, making it harder to fight by creating a latency form that CD4 T cells can't detect in those with weak haplotypes against EBV.
19/ Moreover, the virus has a way to "communicate" with our immune system using EBER and dUTPases to trigger certain "switches" called TLR2 and TLR3. This results in the production of substances causing inflammation (pro-inflammatory cytokines).
20/ These pro-inflammatory cytokines might cause hypozincemia by increasing the expression of metallothioneins, affecting zinc availability in the blood.
21/ When these metallothioneins are excessively expressed in enterocytes, they reduce Cu uptake, affecting ceruloplasmin synthesis and reducing the activity of Cu-dependent enzymes, resulting in oxidative stress.
22/ Additionally, the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines can result in the formation of amyloid fibrin microclots, which might cause capillary blockage.
23/ One of the body's defenses against infections is IFN-γ. However, high levels of IFN-γ released due to persistent infections can lead to insulin resistance, causing compensatory hyperinsulinemia.
24/ This condition can result in transient hypoglycemia and reduced metabolism, leading to exercise intolerance.
25/ Furthermore, hyperinsulinemia might affect cortisol secretion, a crucial aspect of the body's stress response.
26/ In the intestinal context, the activation of TLR2 and TLR3 affects serotonin absorption, which can cause issues such as increased motility and nausea.
27/ This disruption in serotonin balance is also reflected in the brain, where the opposite occurs. Serotonin levels decrease, causing a sensation of fatigue.
28/ In neuronal terms, quinolinic acid (a tryptophan degradation product) can cause neurotoxicity when interacting with the NMDA receptor, leading to increased nitrosative stress.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme 29/ Ultimately, this environment with elevated oxidative/nitrosative stress could be exploited by EBV-infected cells, allowing them to alter their DNA and hide even more effectively from the immune system.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme 30/ 🚺🚹 Sex Differences in Immunodeficiency: Biological sex can influence the interaction with EBV. Estrogens in women enhance B-cell survival and antibody release but might also amplify risks with EBV, potentially fostering autoimmune conditions.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 31/ 🧑 In men, testosterone shapes the immune response differently, often favoring a more efficient defense against intracellular pathogens. This distinction can affect the progression and manifestation of conditions like ME/CFS and Long COVID.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 32/ 📆 Women's menstrual cycles further complicate this, with phases like ovulation causing potential immunosuppression and increasing vulnerability to viral reactivations.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 33/ 𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬? #LongCOVID #MECFS
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 34/ 🌡️ 𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐞: Though one might think treating with hydrocortisone would benefit in addressing hypocortisolism, it has been observed to have limited, even adverse effects in patients with ME/CFS.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 35/ 🚫 The main reason is that the HPA axis hypofunction is a consequence, not a cause, of immunological alteration. Also, using hydrocortisone could enhance immunodeficiency and EBV reactivation.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 36/ 🧠 𝐒𝐒𝐑𝐈𝐬 (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): These might help restore the serotonergic impairment. However, peripherally, they might worsen hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 37/ 📌 For instance, fluvoxamine might alleviate symptoms related to EBV reactivation. But it could also exacerbate intestinal symptoms due to an increase in serotonin at the intestinal level.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 38/ 🩸 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧: This drug could be beneficial. It reduces ROS production, improves insulin sensitivity, and doesn't stimulate endogenous insulin production, so it's not linked to hypoglycemia risk.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 39/ 🦠 Antioxidants like N-acetylcysteine (𝐍𝐀𝐂): They might help decrease oxidative stress. They also lower the risk of developing EBV-associated cancer and inhibit NF-κB activation.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 40/ 🌟 Other antioxidant supplements like ubiquinol, Zn, vitamin E, C, and melatonin would also be beneficial. Specifically, Zn might suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. But taking high Zn doses can worsen copper absorption.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 41/ 💊 𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐱𝐲𝐜𝐡𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐧𝐞: Although it might be useful, it has downsides, such as reactivating EBV, potentially contributing to long-term lymphoma development. Its disadvantages outweigh its benefits.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 42/ 🦠 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐬 like valganciclovir or valacyclovir: They might reduce reactivation, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty 43/ ⚠️ 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐎𝐱𝐲𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲: Presents contradictions. While it generates increased oxidative stress, it could also benefit by reducing replication in tissues with lower oxygen tension.
44/ 📌 In conclusion, the symptoms of individuals with EBV-acquired immunodeficiency could be improved with the combined use of antioxidant supplements, antivirals, and metformin. The use of anticoagulants could also be considered. #Science
@sandralopezleon @Nopanaden @SaludISCIII @SEMG_ES @_REiCOP @SFCencuentro @BrunoPaiva_UNAV @remissionbiome @HexemEducation @healthrising 45/ ⏳ Let's remember that any treatment should be discussed with a healthcare professional and tailored to the patient and their specific clinical context. #Medicine #EBV #Treatments 🌐🩺🔍 #MECFSResearch #microE2324
@sandralopezleon @Nopanaden @SaludISCIII @SEMG_ES @_REiCOP @SFCencuentro @BrunoPaiva_UNAV @remissionbiome @HexemEducation @healthrising 46/💡 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡: If you're interested in aiding the ongoing investigation into EBV, ME/CFS, and Long COVID, consider contributing. Your donation can make a difference! Help us further the research by donating here: helpify.es
@LongCovidEU @AndaluciaCovid @CovidVictimas @CovidAsturias @AsociacionPEM @elpais_salud @DoctorwithME @DafoeWhitney @ClagueNjc36 @jenniferhulme @Hervorrager @Dakota_150 @zalaly @YaronFishman @VeronicaAtMo @HarrySpoelstra @LCNMUK @MichaelCWilder @CIMA_unav @BhupeshPrusty Edited:
35/ 🚫 The main reason is that the HPA axis hypofunction is a consequence, not a cause, of immunological alteration. Also, using hydrocortisone could aggravate immunodeficiency and EBV reactivation.
35/ 🚫 The main reason is that the HPA axis hypofunction is a consequence, not a cause, of immunological alteration. Also, using hydrocortisone could aggravate immunodeficiency and EBV reactivation.
جاري تحميل الاقتراحات...