Since the Odia Subaltern class is hell bent on abusing Rajputs, it was time they learnt their own history:
Here's Maharaja Man Singh's Orissa Campaign (Redux) on the so called, "Rajput torment of Odia Hindus", that never was...
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Here's Maharaja Man Singh's Orissa Campaign (Redux) on the so called, "Rajput torment of Odia Hindus", that never was...
#Thread
During the medieval age, especially prior to the "Mughal Invasion", Orissa was ruled by Karrani Afghans, who had replaced Mukund Deva, a Gajapati ruler of Telugu Eastern Chalukya origin, and sent Kalapahad to destroy not just the Jagannath Temple but also the Konark Sun Temple.
Mukunda Deva or Mukunda Harichandana's claim of origin from Eastern Chalukyas comes from Madala Panji, and hence should be taken with a pinch of salt, but regardless the text provides us with valuable information regarding affairs associated with the Puri Jagannath Temple.
Mukunda Deva was the governor of the region under Chakrapratap of the Bhoi Dynasty, and had assumed power by installing Chakrapratap's youngest son, Raghuram Jena. He later assassinated the puppet king Raghuram to assume power for himself.
Mukunda Deva took the reins in 1559 AD, and immediately came in conflict with the Bengal Sultan, the Afghan Suleiman Karrani primarily for two reasons.
1. He gave refuge to Ibrahim Khan Sur, Karrani's enemy and gave him lands, he also refused to hand over Sur when Karrani asked.
2. Secondly Mukund Deva, in 1566 AD, due to the presence of both Golkonda and Bengal Sultanates on either side sent his ambassador Paramananda Ray to the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar, in trying to forge an alliance with the Mughals against Orissa's mightier neighbors.
In late 1567, Akbar would attack Mewar and remain engaged in the Siege of Chittorgarh alone till early 1568, engaging the bulk of his forces there.
This gave an opening to Karranis who attacked Orissa, for which Mukunda Deva was completely unprepared, politically and militarily.
This gave an opening to Karranis who attacked Orissa, for which Mukunda Deva was completely unprepared, politically and militarily.
He sent two generals Chhotray and Raghubhanja to fight the Karrani forces, but instead they turned on Mukund Deva, who had to flee and take shelter in the fort of Kotsama. Even there, his nobles were divided.
A battle ensued within the fort itself and Mukund Deva was killed.
A battle ensued within the fort itself and Mukund Deva was killed.
Thus the 'Most Powerful Odia Hindu Gajapati Empire' fell easy prey to the Bengal Sultanate of the Karrani Afghans, who wrecked havoc and destroyed a multitude of temples across Orissa, including the Jagannath Temple, and the Konark Sun Temple. Here Kalapahad was instrumental.
NOTE: Folk histories of the region however give a different account of the nature of Mukunda Deva's death. They say he fought valiantly in Gohira Tikri near Jajpur and was defeated and killed.
By late 1568, Orissa was under absolute Karrani rule. Earlier, Mukund Deva was in the process of joining the Mughal Empire and the Afghan invasion of Orissa brought the relations between Delhi's Mughal Sultanate and Bengal's Karrani Afghan Sultanate to a breaking point.
In 1572 AD, Suleiman Karrani died, and soon after his son and heir Bayezid was assassinated. Suleiman also, in 1565 AD had submitted to Emperor Akbar and without him or his son, the Afghan nobles decided they will break away and rebel against the Mughal Empire.
Two days after Bayezid's assassination by his brother-in-law Hansu, Daud Khan Karrani, Bayezid's brother marched against Hansu, defeated and killed him. As per Riyaz-us-Salatin, Daud was young, impulsive, impressionable and disproportionately inclined towards carnal pursuits.
His reign was marked by many depositions and demotions of Afghan nobles of the Karrani court, destabilizing Bengal Sultanate. Seeing the developments in Bengal, Akbar with generals like Raja Todar Mal advanced east, and on March 3, 1575, it culminated in the Battle of Tukaroi.
It's important to add here that Akbar led the Mughal forces till January 18, 1575 and returned to his capital after appointing Munim Khan as the Governor of Bengal. The leftover of his campaign to deal with the rebellious Bengal Sultan was left to Raja Todar Mal and he succeeded.
The Battle of Tukaroi led to the Treaty of Katak, where Daud Khan Karrani ceded all of his territories to the Mughal Empire, save for Orissa, which he still retained. Bengal's Mughal Governor Munim Khan however died soon after at the age of 80, creating an opening for Daud Khan.
Daud Khan Karrani, feeling adventurous at the death of the Mughal Bengal Governor attacked Bengal leading to the Battle of Rajmahal on July 12, 1576, not surprisingly ending in Mughal Victory.
BENGAL (WITH ORISSA AS ITS PART) WAS NOW A PROPER MUGHAL SUBAH
BENGAL (WITH ORISSA AS ITS PART) WAS NOW A PROPER MUGHAL SUBAH
Raja Todar Mal was governing the affairs of Bengal, including Orissa, however after his departure to Delhi in 1582, it went down south again.
Led by Qutlu Khan Lohani, who previously helped Hansu to kill Bayezid, and then helped Daud to kill Hansu, the Afghans rose in rebellion.
Led by Qutlu Khan Lohani, who previously helped Hansu to kill Bayezid, and then helped Daud to kill Hansu, the Afghans rose in rebellion.
Qutlu Khan Lohani marched into Orissa and defeated the Gajapati chief of Khurda Ramachandra Deva and occupied Puri. Ramachandra sought help from his masters the Mughals, against Lohani, and offered great presents to the Mughal officials who were already in pursuit of Lohani.
Not only the local officials in Bengal, but Ramachandra Deva sent his nephew with sixty noted elephants laden with presents to Emperor Akbar, to help him against Qutlu Khan Lohani.
Lohani eventually left Puri, fled to Dharampur and eventually submitted to the Mughals.
Lohani eventually left Puri, fled to Dharampur and eventually submitted to the Mughals.
On June 11, 1584, Qutlu Khan was made to leave Bengal and given a jagir in Orissa instead. But as habit would have it, taking advantage of the Mughal administration's liberality, the Afghan again started creating trouble for the Empire.
AND NOW ENTER THE RAJPUTS INTO ORISSA.
AND NOW ENTER THE RAJPUTS INTO ORISSA.
The great state of affairs, as we saw were being handled immaculately by the super-strong and able Complan drinking Gajapatis of Orissa including those of Khurda were now about to reach rock bottom due to the Dark Ages brought by the Evil Rajput Incarnate Raja Man Singh of Amber.
For those Odias who lost the last of their brain cells in the last cyclone that hit them, the previous tweet was sarcasm.
Local Hindus pleaded the Mughal Emperor to do something about the Afghans and Raja Man Singh who was in Bihar in 1590, now had to go to Orissa to save them.
Local Hindus pleaded the Mughal Emperor to do something about the Afghans and Raja Man Singh who was in Bihar in 1590, now had to go to Orissa to save them.
The effect of Raja Man Singh was such that as soon as he entered Orissa, Qutlu Khan died 'unexpectedly', and was now replaced by his son Nasir Khan Lohani. Nasir was again inexperienced, that diminished his chances of succeeding against Raja Man Singh to zilch. He sued for peace.
When Nasir Khan submitted to Raja Man Singh, three terms were made.
1. The Mughal Emperor's name should be used on the Khutba and the coins of Orissa.
2. The Afghan ruler of Orissa remain loyal to the Empire.
3. The Jagannath Temple be handed over by the Afghans to the Empire.
1. The Mughal Emperor's name should be used on the Khutba and the coins of Orissa.
2. The Afghan ruler of Orissa remain loyal to the Empire.
3. The Jagannath Temple be handed over by the Afghans to the Empire.
The treaty was made on August 15, 1590, and the Hindus were so pleased with the arrival of Raja Man Singh and diffusion of the Afghan problem that counting together the presented as gifts and surrendered ones, 1004 elephants were acquired by Man Singh into the Empire's service.
Even the terms of surrender of the Jagannath Temple, made the switch of its ownership from Afghans to Hindu Rajputs.
Raja Man Singh not only acquired the temple, but also repaired and expanded it from its previous damaged condition. The temple as we see today was built by him.
Raja Man Singh not only acquired the temple, but also repaired and expanded it from its previous damaged condition. The temple as we see today was built by him.
This is where the gripe of the Gajapatis of Khurda, under Ramachandra Deva begins against Rajputs.
Ramachandra wanted to have the temple to himself, and be appointed the Raja of Orissa, despite repeatedly and humiliatingly losing both the Jagannath Temple, and Orissa to Afghans.
Ramachandra wanted to have the temple to himself, and be appointed the Raja of Orissa, despite repeatedly and humiliatingly losing both the Jagannath Temple, and Orissa to Afghans.
As soon as Nasir Khan Lohani's waqil and regent, Khwaja Isa died, the Afghans rose again and in the absence of Raja Man Singh's protection, captured Puri and the Jagannath Temple for the n'th time.
During these events, the Raja of Khurda was dubiously inert, raising suspicion.
During these events, the Raja of Khurda was dubiously inert, raising suspicion.
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