Posting this as a separate thread, because it should be interesting to more people. Early inscriptions of Shahadah's that lack the explicit invocation of Muhammad as the prophet.
Number 4 is a shahādah that isn't even the 1st part of the regular formula (but clearly monotheistic)
Number 4 is a shahādah that isn't even the 1st part of the regular formula (but clearly monotheistic)
These first five are all from the region of Mecca.
Now on to the Suwaydirah inscriptions.
Number four is a very interesting "Shahadah", rather an apocalyptic shahdah testifying to the end times. None make any mention of Muhammad.
Now on to the Suwaydirah inscriptions.
Number four is a very interesting "Shahadah", rather an apocalyptic shahdah testifying to the end times. None make any mention of Muhammad.
Note that the epigraphic record of course isn't completely devoid of Shahdah's that do mention Muḥammad. But they are a clear minority of the ones recorded. #2 is an example of one that does mention the prophet.
I think I'll leave it at this for now. This is just the ones I've been able to find in two sources.
As should be clear shahadah's that lack any mention of the prophet are quite common in early inscriptions.
As should be clear shahadah's that lack any mention of the prophet are quite common in early inscriptions.
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