Shams ud-Din Iltutmish may seem no different from the many Sultans whose rule is collectively called Delhi Sultanate. But if you study the period during which he ruled, you will begin to admire him.
Before his reign, there was no Delhi Sultanate. There were only the Indian territories of the Ghurid empire. The authority of the Sultan of Ghazni here was minimal at best.
After the death of Ghori, the Indian territories came under Aibek's control. But his short rule wasn't enough to establish a strong kingdom in an alien land.
When Iltutmish ascended the throne after dethroning Aram Shah, he had to establish his authority over a region where rebellion broke out with great regularity. He also had to take care of the threat posed by other slaves of Aibek– Yalduz and Qubacha to his kingdom.
Let's visualize Iltutmish's situation.
Imagine trying to establish a kingdom in a land which has an alien culture. Realms surrounding you are hostile to you. On top of that, you also had to wage a struggle for supremacy with your former colleagues (Qubacha & Yalduz).
Imagine trying to establish a kingdom in a land which has an alien culture. Realms surrounding you are hostile to you. On top of that, you also had to wage a struggle for supremacy with your former colleagues (Qubacha & Yalduz).
While all this is happening, we also see a great threat, in the form of Mongols, hovering at the Northern borders of your kingdom. Any mistake in handling this power would lead to the destruction of your newly established kingdom.
In this situation, Iltutmish not only defeated his rivals but also secured his kingdom from the Mongol thread. While also establishing his supreme authority over his kingdom and extending it. It was during his rule that Delhi Sultanate was truly “established”.
That is why most scholars believed him to be the true founder of the Delhi Sultanate. It was this state that laid the foundation of Muslim rule in large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
The Mughals didn't create a state out of thin air. They inherited much from the Delhi Sultanate.
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