#ثريد اليوم عن pneumonia للمختصين في المجال الصحي انشاء الله يعجبكم ❤️
Def
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the alveolar space and/or the interstitial tissue of the lungs.
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the alveolar space and/or the interstitial tissue of the lungs.
Defenses of lung:
1- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE).
2-cough reflex.
3-IgA.
4-macrophages.
Pneumonia happened when one of those defenses affected
Ex: smoking cause damage to PCCE, inhibit cough reflex by opioid or antitussives medications.
1- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE).
2-cough reflex.
3-IgA.
4-macrophages.
Pneumonia happened when one of those defenses affected
Ex: smoking cause damage to PCCE, inhibit cough reflex by opioid or antitussives medications.
Stages of pneumonia:
-Congestion (day 1–2)
-Red hepatization (day 3–4)
-Gray hepatization (day 5–7)
-Resolution (day 8 to week 4)
-Congestion (day 1–2)
-Red hepatization (day 3–4)
-Gray hepatization (day 5–7)
-Resolution (day 8 to week 4)
Types of pneumonia:
1-Bronchopneumonia: commonly a descending infection that affects the bronchioles and adjacent alveoli
Primarily caused by pneumococci and/or other streptococci
Characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates that fill the bronchioles and the adjacent alveoli.
1-Bronchopneumonia: commonly a descending infection that affects the bronchioles and adjacent alveoli
Primarily caused by pneumococci and/or other streptococci
Characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates that fill the bronchioles and the adjacent alveoli.
2-Lobar pneumonia
Classic (typical) pneumonia of an entire lobe; primarily caused by pneumococci
Characterized by inflammatory intra-alveolar exudate, resulting in consolidation
Classic (typical) pneumonia of an entire lobe; primarily caused by pneumococci
Characterized by inflammatory intra-alveolar exudate, resulting in consolidation
3-Interstitial pneumonia: interstitial inflammation, typically caused by Mycoplasma and viral infections:
Characterized by a diffuse patchy inflammation that mainly involves the alveolar interstitial cells.
Bilateral multifocal opacities are classically found on chest x-ray.
Characterized by a diffuse patchy inflammation that mainly involves the alveolar interstitial cells.
Bilateral multifocal opacities are classically found on chest x-ray.
Etiology
Pneumonia is most commonly transmitted via aspiration of airborne pathogens (primarily bacteria, but also viruses and fungi) but may also result from the aspiration of stomach contents.
Pneumonia is most commonly transmitted via aspiration of airborne pathogens (primarily bacteria, but also viruses and fungi) but may also result from the aspiration of stomach contents.
Pneumonia pathogens according to the source of infection:
1-Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): pneumonia that is acquired outside of a healthcare establishment.
2-Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): nosocomial pneumonia, with onset > 48 hours after admission.
1-Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): pneumonia that is acquired outside of a healthcare establishment.
2-Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): nosocomial pneumonia, with onset > 48 hours after admission.
Also Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): pneumonia occurring in patients who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals (typically in the intensive care unit)
Signs and symptoms
1-Typical pneumonia is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms caused by lobar infiltration.
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Pyrexia (fever)
Reproductive cough
Fatigue
SOB
1-Typical pneumonia is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms caused by lobar infiltration.
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Pyrexia (fever)
Reproductive cough
Fatigue
SOB
2-Atypical pneumonia:
typically has an indolent course (slow onset) and commonly manifests with extra pulmonary symptoms.
-Nonproductive, dry cough
-Dyspnea
-Common extrapulmonary features include fatigue, headaches, sore throat, myalgias, and malaise.
typically has an indolent course (slow onset) and commonly manifests with extra pulmonary symptoms.
-Nonproductive, dry cough
-Dyspnea
-Common extrapulmonary features include fatigue, headaches, sore throat, myalgias, and malaise.
Diagnostic workup:
1-physical examination
Inspection (increase RR accessory muscles and intercostal retraction).
Palpation (respiratory expansion, unilateral chest expansion and Tactile fremitus increase).
Percussion (dullness).
Auscultation (crackles).
1-physical examination
Inspection (increase RR accessory muscles and intercostal retraction).
Palpation (respiratory expansion, unilateral chest expansion and Tactile fremitus increase).
Percussion (dullness).
Auscultation (crackles).
2-chest x-ray
-Lobar pneumonia
-bronchopneumonia
-interstitial pneumonia
-Lobar pneumonia
-bronchopneumonia
-interstitial pneumonia
3-sputum cytology
Examination under a microscope of cells found in sputum (mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing)
Examination under a microscope of cells found in sputum (mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing)
Antibiotic management
1-Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
1-Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
2-Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
بكذا انتهى الثريد حاولت ابسطه بقدر الامكان، بما انه موضوع كبير ويحتاج تعمق راح اتركلهم رابط لمقال جدا رهيب ومرتب وان شاء الله اكون وفقت في هذا الثريد ❤️
amboss.com
amboss.com
جاري تحميل الاقتراحات...