يقول ألبرت اينشتاين " انا لست موهوب ، انا فضولي ! " واحنا حاسين ان عندكم تساؤلات عن نقل الدم مثل : كيف يتم نقل دمكم اللي تبرعتوا فيه لمريضٍ ما ؟ ومين المرضى اللي بحاجة لنقل الدم ؟ و ايش دور التمريض في هالبروسيجر ؟ اخيراً جا وقت إسكات هذا الفضول وخلونا نجاوبكم بهذا الثريد 🩸✨ :
First of all What does Blood Transfusion mean ? 🤩
It’s where the nurse transfuses a patient with new red blood cells via a venous access.
وغالباً يتم عن طريق استخدام الدم المتبرع به الموجود في بنك الدم 👏🏻
It’s where the nurse transfuses a patient with new red blood cells via a venous access.
وغالباً يتم عن طريق استخدام الدم المتبرع به الموجود في بنك الدم 👏🏻
ليه نحتاج لنقل الدم ✨؟
- Blood loss : surgery, trauma
- Or they’re Anemic : because they can’t produce enough RBC’s . This can happen in conditions like : renal failure , cancers
- Blood loss : surgery, trauma
- Or they’re Anemic : because they can’t produce enough RBC’s . This can happen in conditions like : renal failure , cancers
Importance of RBC’s ✨?
Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. Then they make the return trip, taking carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be exhaled with the help of Hemoglobin .
Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. Then they make the return trip, taking carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be exhaled with the help of Hemoglobin .
Signs & symptoms that can present if your patient is low on RBC’s ✨:
- pale
- Fatigue
- ⬆️ HR ( increased heart rate )
- SOB ( shortness of breath )
- pale
- Fatigue
- ⬆️ HR ( increased heart rate )
- SOB ( shortness of breath )
When is a patient transfused✨?
Transfusion of red blood cells should be based on the patient's clinical condition.
Association Of Blood Banks (AABB)recommends transfusing blood when Hgb levels falls to 7-8 g/dL
📌:Normal Hemoglobin Level:
Female:12 - 16 g/dL
Male:14-18 g/dL
Transfusion of red blood cells should be based on the patient's clinical condition.
Association Of Blood Banks (AABB)recommends transfusing blood when Hgb levels falls to 7-8 g/dL
📌:Normal Hemoglobin Level:
Female:12 - 16 g/dL
Male:14-18 g/dL
نجي لأهم نقطة بالثريد وهي ايش دورنا احنا الممرضين في هذا البروسيجر ؟ 🤩✨
“ طبعاً نأخذ بروتوكول المستشفى بعين الإعتبار “
“ طبعاً نأخذ بروتوكول المستشفى بعين الإعتبار “
هناك تحضيرات يجب القيام بها قبل نقل الدم للمريض حتى نمنع من حدوث ردود فعل . واحد من اهم الاسباب التي قد تسبب ردود فعل خطيره هي الأخطاء الكتابية لذا من المهم جداً القيام بهذه التحضيرات ✨
〰️Let’s say you received an order: “Transfuse patient with 2 units of PRBCs.”….one unit is transfused at a time〰️👀
اولاً ❇️ : سيتم إجراء اختبار الدم قبل إجراء عملية نقل الدم؛ وذلك لتحديد ما إذا كان فصيلة الدم A أو B أو AB أو O وما إذا كانت فصيلة الدم موجبة أم سالبة. يجب أن يكون الدم المتبرع به والمستخدم في عملية نقل الدم متوافقًا مع فصيلة دم المريض.
ثانياً : Obtain informed consent ❇️
Assess your patient’s allergies and their understanding about a blood transfusion .
Assess your patient’s allergies and their understanding about a blood transfusion .
Also, this is a great time to ask them if they’ve ever had a blood transfusion before and if they tolerated it well . Let the physician know so he may need to order the patient to be premeditated before the transfusion , why ? 🤔
If a patient has received many blood transfusions in the past they create antibodies that can lead to a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (most common type of transfusion reaction).
Premedications used: Benadryl (diphenhydramine) and Tylenol (acetaminophen )
if ordered orally give 30 minutes before transfusion.
In addition, if the patient is at risk for circulatory overload (like patients with heart failure etc.)a loop diuretic (ex: Lasix/Furosemide)
if ordered orally give 30 minutes before transfusion.
In addition, if the patient is at risk for circulatory overload (like patients with heart failure etc.)a loop diuretic (ex: Lasix/Furosemide)
may be ordered before, after, or in between units.
ثالثاً : IV access ( حسب البروتوكول ) ❇️
18 gauge or larger
WHY?🤔 .. To prevent damage to the transfusing RBCs ,
the RBCs will lysis if the cannula is too small.
ثالثاً : IV access ( حسب البروتوكول ) ❇️
18 gauge or larger
WHY?🤔 .. To prevent damage to the transfusing RBCs ,
the RBCs will lysis if the cannula is too small.
NOTE 📌✨:
If the patient will need IV medications at other times while the blood is transfusing, the patient will need another IV access site .
The IV line transfusing the blood is just for the blood administration during that time , NO other medications or fluids!
If the patient will need IV medications at other times while the blood is transfusing, the patient will need another IV access site .
The IV line transfusing the blood is just for the blood administration during that time , NO other medications or fluids!
رابعاً : Supplies needed ❇️ ✨ Special Y-Tubing that has an in-line filter ✨ Bag of 0.9% normal saline (📍NO other fluids can be given with blood or hung with it EVER , other fluids like dextrose fluid can cause clumping of the blood cells ).
The normal saline is used to prime the line and flush it afterwards. ✨ Other supplies to dispose: red biohazard bag (the blood bag and tubing NEVER goes in the regular trash).
When lab notifies you that the blood is ready, you will let them know when you are ready for it. You must start the transfusion within 30 minutes of receiving the unit of blood (one unit is given at a time).
Before starting the transfusion, a verification process must be done✨ !
Start the blood transfusion SLOWLY on an infusion pump:
2 mL/min (same as 120 mL/hr) for the first 15 minutes and STAY at the patient’s bedside for the first 15 minutes.
If the blood is tolerated after 15 minutes, rate can be increased.
2 mL/min (same as 120 mL/hr) for the first 15 minutes and STAY at the patient’s bedside for the first 15 minutes.
If the blood is tolerated after 15 minutes, rate can be increased.
🔆 Obtain VS per protocol :
You will obtain vital signs at:
* 5 minutes from the start of the 5 minutes
* 15 minutes
* 30 minutes
* 1 hourly until done
* 1 hour after the transfusion
You will obtain vital signs at:
* 5 minutes from the start of the 5 minutes
* 15 minutes
* 30 minutes
* 1 hourly until done
* 1 hour after the transfusion
🔆Watch for:various types of transfusion reactions(immune system interacts with the donor’s blood):allergic,hemolytic,febrile, GVHD(graft-versus-host-disease) along with other complications like circulatory overload
(especially in patient who are susceptible to this like cardiac and renal patient s).
-🔆 Flush the line with normal saline and dispose of it properly when the blood is done transfusing. Then obtain vital signs 1 hour after transfusion.
-🔆 Flush the line with normal saline and dispose of it properly when the blood is done transfusing. Then obtain vital signs 1 hour after transfusion.
What to do if a transfusion reaction happens? 🚨
- STOP TRANSFUSION ⚠️ and note the time mentally when the patient started showing signs and symptoms of a reaction.
- STOP TRANSFUSION ⚠️ and note the time mentally when the patient started showing signs and symptoms of a reaction.
-Disconnect blood tubing from IV site and replace with NEW IV tubing set-up at the IV site and keep vein open with normal saline 0.9% (limits any more blood from the transfusion entering the patient’s blood).
-Notify prescribing physician and blood bank
-Notify prescribing physician and blood bank
Monitoring vital signs every 5 minutes!
-Based on patient’s reaction and their signs and symptoms you will be ordered to give them various medications: corticosteroids, fluids, antihistamines, antipyretics, vasopressors , or diuretics
-Based on patient’s reaction and their signs and symptoms you will be ordered to give them various medications: corticosteroids, fluids, antihistamines, antipyretics, vasopressors , or diuretics
Labs will be ordered for blood work (clotting levels…DIC?,electrolytes, blood levels, renal function etc.) along with a urine collection for hemoglobinuria
-Keep and bag up blood bag and tubing and other needed documentation and send it to the blood bank .
-Keep and bag up blood bag and tubing and other needed documentation and send it to the blood bank .
-📍Document! Include time it was noted, the actions you took, and currently how the patient is doing.
ختاماً ✨ : نحب نذكّركم بأهمية التبرع بالدم والحاجة الشديدة له خصوصاً في هذه الفترة .. لعلّنا نُساهم في انقاذ روح من خلال قطرة دم تعني الكثير عند غيرنا ، and “ ♥️ No one has become poor by giving ♥️ “
Done by:@lllvenusll
Done by:@lllvenusll
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